
Eating Meat and Climate Change
How does meat consumption impact our environment?
Animals aren’t the only ones affected by the meat and dairy industry. Many people are unaware that the consumption of meat and dairy products have a significant impact on climate, biodiversity and the environment as a whole. In fact, animal agriculture is responsible for approximately one-sixth of all human-made greenhouse gas emissions1.
Particularly in wealthier countries, people tend to have the highest per capita meat consumption on the planet even though many rich countries experience a recent decline of meat consumption. On the contrary, many countries in the Global South are steadily increasing their per capita meat consumption and adopting Western diets which becomes an ever-bigger problem due to ecological, ethical and health issues. Our meat consumption is literally eating up our planet.
However, there is a growing movement amongst consumers to reduce meat consumption in response to the welfare concerns of factory farmed animals and the negative climate and environmental impacts of meat consumption.
Animal-based products are climate killers
More than 85 billion farmed land animals are slaughtered for meat each year worldwide2. The immense production of animal-based products, especially red meat and dairy, emits a lot of greenhouse gases, compared to plant-based foods3. Animal agriculture is the biggest contributor to two of the three major sources of anthropogenic GHG emissions: methane and nitrous oxide4.
We can’t continue like this. We must put an end to factory farming.
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It’s not the animals to blame
According to the FAO, farmed cattle (raised for both beef and milk) are the animal species responsible for the most emissions, representing about 62% of animal agriculture’s emissions5. This is only because we humans intensively breed them. Therefore, it is not a solution to shift meat consumption to smaller, non-ruminant animals i.e. chicken instead of beef as it might worsen animal welfare by affecting a substantially larger number of animals in worse keeping conditions.
Globally, according to the EAT-Lancet reference diet meat consumption must be reduced by at least 50% to provide the growing world population healthy, sustainable diet within planetary boundaries.
Source
2. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/s#data/QCL (Livestock Primary 2022, Producing animals/slaughtered)
3. Global greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods - PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37117472/.
4. Breakdown of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions by sector - Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector.
5. FAO. Pathways towards lower emissions. FAO; 2023. https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc9029en. doi:10.4060/cc9029en.